Not only have Western countries achieved economic development and stability, but they have also developed democracy and the rule of law, making them an ideal model for people around the world who are pondering the future of politics. However, Western countries also have a lot of political problems to solve. Whether it is to move towards a better society or to avoid losing the current democracy and social stability, politicians, intellectuals, and citizens in Western societies discuss and sometimes conflict over various issues. This course introduces these issues and the core ideas presented around them in an easy-to-understand manner.